Boost converter fed high performance BLDC drive for solar PV array powered air cooling system

This paper proposes the utilization of a DC-DC boost converter as a mediator between a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) array and the Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) in an SPV array powered air cooling system to attain maximum efficiency. The boost converter, over the various common DC-DC converters, offers many advantages in SPV based applications. Further, two Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are employed in the proposed air cooling system: one to run the centrifugal water pump and the other to run a fan-blower. Employing a BLDC motor is found to be the best option because of its top efficiency, supreme reliability and better performance over a wide range of speeds. The air cooling system is developed and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment considering the steady state variation in the solar irradiance. Further, the efficiency of BLDC drive system is compared with a conventional Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) motor drive system and from the simulated results it is found that the proposed system performs better

VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN THE FIRST YEAR MALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF VISWABHARATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KURNOOL

Background: Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affectedâ€. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory maneuver starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. Aims: To study the effect of Body Mass Index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Medical students. Methods & Methods: study was performed on 60 Male age group of 17-22 Years, categorized as normal Weight BMI= 18.5-24.99kg/m2 and overweight BMI= 25-29.99 Kg/m2. There were 30 students with normal Weight BMI and 30 students with overweight BMI. Normal weight BMI subjects acted as control group to compare the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with over weight. The parameters studied were weight, height, age, body mass index and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Student’s unpaired t-test was used for two group’s comparison. Results: The results of the investigation revealed a significantly lower Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the overweight BMI subjects compared to normal weight BMI subjects. Conclusion: Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality.Key words: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Body Mass Index; Obesity

VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN THE FIRST YEAR MALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF VISWABHARATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KURNOOL

Background: Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affectedâ€. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory maneuver starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. Aims: To study the effect of Body Mass Index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Medical students. Methods & Methods: study was performed on 60 Male age group of 17-22 Years, categorized as normal Weight BMI= 18.5-24.99kg/m2 and overweight BMI= 25-29.99 Kg/m2. There were 30 students with normal Weight BMI and 30 students with overweight BMI. Normal weight BMI subjects acted as control group to compare the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with over weight. The parameters studied were weight, height, age, body mass index and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Student’s unpaired t-test was used for two group’s comparison. Results: The results of the investigation revealed a significantly lower Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the overweight BMI subjects compared to normal weight BMI subjects. Conclusion: Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality.Key words: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Body Mass Index; Obesity

An Unsupervised Classification Technique for Detection of Flipped Orientations in Document Images

Detection of text orientation in document images is of preliminary concern prior to processing of documents by Optical Character Reader. The text direction in document images should exist generally in a specific orientation, i.e.,   text direction for any automated document reading system. The flipped text orientation leads to an unambiguous result in such fully automated systems. In this paper, we focus on development of text orientation direction detection module which can be incorporated as the perquisite process in automatic reading system. Orientation direction detection of text is performed through employing directional gradient features of document image and adapts an unsupervised learning approach for detection of flipped text orientation at which the document has been originally fed into scanning device. The unsupervised learning is built on the directional gradient features of text of document based on four possible different orientations. The algorithm is experimented on document samples of printed plain English text as well as filled in pre-printed forms of Telugu script. The outcome attained by algorithm proves to be consistent and adequate with an average accuracy around 94%

ESTIMATION OF METOPROLOL IN HUMAN PLASMA BY HPLC METHOD

Objective: The current project was undertaken to develop and validate a simple method for estimation of metoprolol in human plasma using HPLC. Before implementing the method on human plasma it was developed from scratch and validated, further human plasma was spiked with drug to achieve considerable results. Methods: From UV absorption studies, λmax of metoprolol was found to be 262 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-potassium phosphate (pH 3.0) buffer in the ratio of 60:40 v/v. Propanolol was used as working internal standard. Standardization of metoprolol was performed on Grace C18 ODS (250 mm X 4.6 mm) reversed-phase column packed with 5 µm spherical ODS packing. Isocratic elution with acetonitrile-potassium phosphate (pH 3.0) buffer (60:40 v/v) was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at ambient temperature. Shimadzu SPD 10 AT VP variable wavelength detectors and injection loop of 50 μl were used and metoprolol detection was carried out at 262 nm. The same method was implemented on human plasma spiked with the drug.Results: Retention time of metoprolol was found to be 4.07±0.02 min and propranolol was found to be 3.98±0.05 min and when the plasma was spiked with the drug retention time of human plasma was 2.20±0.01 min, retention time of internal standard (Propranolol) was 3.89±0.05 min and retention time of metoprolol was 4.14±0.02 min respectively. The method developed was found to comply with standards LOD (Limit of Detection), LOQ (Limit of Quantification), Precision and Accuracy (Intra- and Inter-day variation), Specificity, Selectivity and Recovery/Extraction efficiency. Various validation parameters were analyzed and found to be complying well within the range.Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that the method developed is compatible for the estimation of the drug in human plasma and the same can be utilized to estimate the concentrations of the drug in patients on metoprolol therapy.Â

Productivity Enhancement of Livestock through Promotion of Fodder Cultivation in Jehanabad District

Livestock production is the backbone of Indian agriculture and also plays a key role in providing employment especially in rural areas. In India, there is no practice of fodder production in rural areas and animals generally consume naturally grown grasses and shrubs which are of low quality in terms of protein and available energy, they are thus heavily dependent on seasonal variations and this results in fluctuation in fodder supply round the year affecting supply of milk round the year. For proper growth and development of the livestock, feed management is of great importance. In Jehanabad district, majority of the farm families are small and marginal having agriculture + livestock farming system. In spite of having large cattle population in the district, the area under fodder production is hardly 1-2 percent of the total cropped area. The continuous use of rice and wheat straw for feeding without use of green fodder is one of the reasons for low milk production and poor health of milch animals. There is acute shortage of fodder especially green nutritious fodder, which is major cause of low productivity of livestock, especially in hilly area (Deb Roy et al., 1989) The main 3 reasons for low productivity is insufficient and low quality fodder and feed including grazing facilities (Deb Roy, 1993). Presently research has been mainly conducted on cultivation of green fodder in irrigated areas but it is high time to emphasize to dry land fodder or partially irrigated fodder crops